Evidence-based research on Nova Scotia’s subsurface energy potential

The Program

The Government of Nova Scotia has engaged Dalhousie University to oversee the Subsurface Energy Research and Development Investment Program. Dalhousie’s involvement will help in understanding the potential for natural gas production in Nova Scotia and community readiness.

Call for Participation

Dalhousie University invites industry participants (“Proponents”) to join a collaborative research and development program focused on Nova Scotia’s onshore energy resources. Proponents will contribute scientific and operational data to support geological modelling, technology evaluation, and environmental assessment. Key activities include exploratory drilling, flow testing, and production analysis.

Public Engagement

In-Person Open Houses

Windsor
Monday, April 20, 2026
Super 8 by Wyndham
63 Cole Dr, Windsor
5:00 PM – 7:00 PM

Amherst
Wednesday, April 22, 2026
Amherst Fire Hall
62 Albion St, Amherst
5:00 PM – 7:00 PM

Pictou
Thursday, April 23, 2026
Pictou County Wellness Centre
2756 Westville Rd, New Glasgow
5:00 PM – 7:00 PM

Virtual Open House

Province-wide Virtual Open House (TEAMS format)
Tuesday April 21, 2026
Time 2:00 – 4:00 PM

Online Engagement

Can’t attend in person or by TEAMS? Review the engagement session materials here and provide your input online.

Additional engagements are being planned with Mi’kmaw and Indigenous communities in Nova Scotia, coordinated through Dalhousie’s Office of the Vice Provost Indigenous and Mi’kmaw leadership.

Facts and Figures

Within all formations in the Cumberland and Windsor basins in Nova Scotia, there is up to 7 TCF of natural gas that could be produced. 1

  • This natural gas is located between about 1-2km below the surface

In Q3 of 2025, 12% of the energy used in Nova Scotia came from Natural Gas, 2% came from oil and 36% came from coal/petcoke. 2

  • NS relies on natural gas imported from the United States, with some sourced indirectly from western Canada through the United States. 3
  • According to Nova Scotia Power, most of the coal used is sourced from international markets. 

Nova Scotia Power has produced about 8.5-11 TWh of electricity per year. 4

Based on this, the estimated natural gas in the Cumberland and Windsor basins could meet the province’s entire (100%) energy needs for 200-240 years. 

Taking into account both CO2 and methane emissions, on average, switching from coal to gas reduces emissions by 50% when producing electricity. 5

What is hydraulic fracturing?

Natural gas doesn’t always move easily through tight rock such as shale, so operators sometimes create small pathways to help it flow into a well. This is done by pumping a mixture of water, sand, and a small amount of additives into the well at high pressure. The pressure opens tiny cracks in the rock, and the sand stays behind to hold those cracks open once pumping stops, allowing the gas to move more freely to the surface. The hydraulic fracturing process on a well typically lasts from one to three days. The entire process for both preparation and testing after hydraulic fracturing can last several weeks. 6

More than 200,000 wells have been hydraulically fractured in Canada since the 1950s. 7 8

Looking for more information about Onshore Natural Gas and hydraulic fracturing?

Timeline

February 2026Call for participation
April 2026Dalhousie undertakes Public, Stakeholder & First Nations Engagement
Proponents selected
May 2026Exploration agreements negotiated
June 2026Site selection confirmed
July 2026Permitted exploratory drilling begins
Sept/Oct 2026Completion of initial exploration drilling program  
December 2026Final report submitted to the Province

Governance

Oversight Committee

This committee will advise and report on the planning and coordination among all projects undertaken under the Program, with a specific emphasis on how those projects may impact different stakeholder groups including the First Nations and other communities that may be directly impacted.

Graham Gagnon, PhD, P.Eng., is the Acting Vice President of Research & Innovation at Dalhousie University. A distinguished environmental engineer and dedicated member of the Dalhousie community, Dr. Gagnon has been an active leader at the university for over 25 years, holding key roles including Dean of Architecture and Planning and Associate Vice-President Research. As Director of the Centre for Water Resources Studies, he leads groundbreaking research in water quality and treatment and supports industrial and community partnerships that have improved water security in Atlantic Canada and beyond. Among key successes has been his role supporting the formation of the Atlantic First Nations Water Authority, Canada’s first Indigenous-led water utility.

Dr. Gagnon has been both a Canada Research Chair and Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) Industrial Research Chair, underscoring his leadership in applied research. His significant contributions to engineering were recognized in 2024 with his induction as a Fellow of the Canadian Academy of Engineering. In 2024, he was also named a member of the Canadian Infrastructure Council, an 11-person team of experts tasked by the Government of Canada to support long-term core infrastructure planning and decision-making.

With a commitment to advancing equity in Dalhousie’s research and innovation ecosystem, Dr. Gagnon is focused on expanding research opportunities, strengthen community and industry partnerships, and ensuring that Dalhousie innovation delivers meaningful benefits to Nova Scotia, Canada and beyond.

John R. Sylliboy John R. is L’nu from the Millbrook Mi’kmaw Community in Nova Scotia. He is the Vice-Provost, Indigenous Relations at Dalhousie University. John’s role is to enhance Dalhousie’s Indigenous community partnerships, develop pathways into meaningful learning opportunities on campus, and expand on the work that Indigenous programming provides to benefit students, faculty, and staff for learning, teaching, and research.

John collaborates on various regional and national research at the IWK Health Centre with the Aboriginal Children’s Hurt and Healing Initiative. He is a co-recipient of a Focused Research Investment grant from Research Nova Scotia to explore Indigenous health and healing for L’nu children through Etuaptmumk / Two-Eyed Seeing.

John’s other interests include advocating to build support for Two-Spirit and Indigenous youth health and wellness, language preservation, cultural identity, and Mi’kmaw self-determination and governance.

Dr. Owen Sherwood is an Associate Professor and Director of the Stable Isotope Biogeochemistry Laboratory in the Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences at Dalhousie University. He has over 15 years of industry and academic experience in petroleum geoscience, including exploration, development, production and environmental monitoring in many of the tight oil and gas plays in North America. He has published extensively on issues of wellbore integrity, groundwater quality, and greenhouse gas emissions in relation to unconventional oil and gas development.

Kimberly Doane is currently the Executive Director, Energy Resource Development with the Nova Scotia Department of Energy. She is responsible for providing strategic policy advice to the government regarding energy development, research, and the technical promotion of Nova Scotia’s potential to investors. Her responsibilities are focused on energy opportunities such as offshore and onshore oil & gas, offshore wind, geothermal, energy storage, tidal and emerging energy innovation.  

Kim holds a Master of Business Administration (Global Leadership), a Bachelor of Science Degree (Geology) and a Bachelor of Arts Degree (Geography). Kim has worked for the Provincial government for over 27 years in a range of responsibilities. Prior to starting with the province, she worked in Calgary in private industry in petroleum exploration and environmental reclamation. 

Kim also sits on a number of Board’s and is active on a variety of committees both locally and internationally. 

Kim and her husband reside in Halifax, and they have one daughter Alexandra, who is currently an articling student for Bennett Jones LLP in Vancouver.

Jennifer Matthews is the Manager, Regulatory Affairs for Atlantic Canada with the Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers (CAPP). Jennifer is currently involved in a number of offshore health, safety and environmental programs specific to Atlantic Canada’s offshore oil and gas industry. 

Prior to joining CAPP, Jennifer was the Director of Operations and Research for the Fundy Ocean Research Center for Energy (FORCE) and the Research Manager for Nova Scotia’s offshore energy research associations (OEER and OETR), where she managed the $15 million Play Fairway Analysis of Nova Scotia’s offshore petroleum resources, which provided strong evidence of significant oil potential. Jennifer is a graduate of Dalhousie University and lives in Halifax with her husband Jeff and daughters Bailey and Brynn. 

Christopher Googoo is a proud member of We’koqma’q First Nation and lives in Millbrook First Nation on the unceded territory of Mi’kma’ki. His work is rooted in a strong commitment to community wellbeing, Indigenous self‑determination, and respectful stewardship of land for future generations.

For over 20 years, Chris has supported Indigenous‑led economic and community development across Atlantic Canada, focusing on strengthening local capacity, supporting entrepreneurs, and advancing initiatives aligned with Indigenous values and priorities. His experience includes working alongside Indigenous communities, philanthropic partners, and researchers to promote inclusive, community‑driven approaches to development and governance.

Chris is a strong advocate for youth and intergenerational learning. He helped establish the Ulnooweg Education Centre to support science‑based programming in forestry, agriculture, and environmental stewardship, and played a leadership role in protecting Asitu’lɨsk, a 200‑acre forest dedicated to cultural revitalization, language, healing, and reconnection to the land.

A graduate of St. Francis Xavier University, Chris brings a community‑centred, values‑based perspective to governance and oversight work.

Craig is a senior people leader and public policy professional with deep connections in Canada’s energy industry. For almost twelve years Craig served as Special Representative in the Alberta Department of Energy, ensuring Alberta’s broad energy ecosystem stayed connected to government officials in Edmonton. In addition to his time in government Craig has held senior roles around operations, communications and public engagement with Enserva, the Calgary Chamber of Commerce, and CAPP.

Julie VanTol, P.Eng. is a Technical Director in the Environmental Consulting field, with two decades of experience in environmental assessment, contaminated site management, and risk-based decision making. She provides senior technical oversight on complex environmental programs, ensuring transparent, science-based approaches that align with regulatory requirements and public interests.

Throughout her career, Julie has built a reputation for delivering clear explanations of technical issues to regulators, community members, and decisionmakers. She is dedicated to environmental stewardship, public safety, and collaborative problem solving, and consistently works to deliver high quality, sustainable environmental outcomes across diverse projects.

Erin Stewart-Reid is a senior university administrator and communications leader with extensive experience in institutional strategy, governance, and organizational change. She provides strategic leadership for the university’s communications function, with responsibility for institution-wide communications strategy, advising senior leaders and colleagues, and leading major initiatives focused on organizational alignment, stakeholder trust, and public accountability.

Erin holds a Bachelor of Arts in English and History from the University of King’s College and a Bachelor of Public Relations from Mount Saint Vincent University.

Laura Hynes Jenkins is the Assistant Vice President of Government Relations at Dalhousie University, where she leads the institution’s strategic engagement with municipal, provincial, and federal governments and provides senior-level advice on public policy, issue management, and institutional priorities. Her portfolio includes oversight of Dalhousie’s government relations strategy and institutional community engagement, supporting alignment between the University’s academic mission, public impact, and the priorities of governments and communities.

Laura is a double Dalhousie alum, holding a Bachelor of Arts in history and Spanish and a Master of Arts in history.

Adam MacDonald, Department of Energy Representative

David Risk holds the Brian Mulroney Institute of Government Research Chair in Climate Science and Policy at St. Francis Xavier University, and the Director of the FluxLab, one of Canada’s leading centers for methane measurement science. Over the past two decades, his research has advanced the development and validation of methane detection and quantification technologies across the energy and waste sectors. A defining feature of his recent work is the use of large-scale controlled-release facilities to rigorously test ground-based, airborne, and satellite observing systems. His research directly informs regulatory frameworks, emissions inventories, and international methane mitigation efforts.

Michelle Martin, P. Geo, PMP, is an energy professional with more than 20 years of experience across offshore oil and gas, emissions-reduction innovation, and renewable energy development. She has held leadership roles with ABO Energy Canada, The Net Zero Project, and Suncor Energy, leading technical teams and advancing complex energy initiatives. A licensed Professional Geoscientist and Project Management Professional, she is known for her collaborative leadership style and ability to bring together industry, government, and community partners to support responsible energy development and innovation.  Michelle is a graduate of Memorial University of NL with a Masters of Science in Earth Sciences.  She is also a member of the Board of Directors of Professional Engineers and Geoscientists of NL and is a member of the Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction Fund Advisory Board with the Government of NL.

Technical Oversight Committee

This committee will advise Dalhousie on the technical requirement for proposals to be submitted to the Program, including pre-qualifications of proponents. This committee will also provide advice, as required, on the review of the proposals received with respect to the Program.

Michelle Martin, P.Geo., PMP., Independent Consultant

Program Manager (Chair)

Karl Caldwell, P.Eng, Operations Engineer

Department of Energy Representative

Fraser Keppie, Manager, Resource Evaluation and Innovation Division

Department of Energy Representative

Phil Knoll, (formerly Board of Directors, AltaGas, Eastward Energy)

Industry Representative

Wayne Hiller, Modern West Advisory

Industry Representative

Edwin Macdonald, P.Geo

Industry Representative

Tracy Mossman, P.Eng., Drilling Engineering Advisor, Staysail Consulting Solutions Inc.

Independent Consultant

Recent News

Frequently Asked Questions

Dalhousie is the largest research institution in Atlantic Canada, and one of the largest organizations in Nova Scotia, it has both the administrative capacity and the research expertise to undertake the project in a timely manner.

The Province of Nova Scotia required external support for this work, and they asked Dalhousie to help. 

As a research university, Dalhousie values opportunities to advance knowledge with partners and to have research inform public policy and support decision making. As Nova Scotia’s flagship university, Dalhousie is committed to serving the people of this province.

Dalhousie has been asked to administer $30M from the Province to:

Administer the research and engagement initiatives ($5.7M) including undertaking research to determine baseline infrastructure, environmental, etc. data; providing expert opinion on exploration and research findings in a report to the Province; and engaging with communities/public as needed in respect of the project.

  • Administer a $24.3M reimbursement program for participating firms.
  • Administer the research and engagement initiatives ($5.7M) including undertaking research to determine baseline infrastructure, environmental, etc. data; providing expert opinion on exploration and research findings in a report to the Province; and engaging with communities/public as needed in respect of the project.

The budget for this program is $30,000,000, which the university will use to administer the program and all operations. The university is not being paid. 

Dalhousie’s Vice President Research and Innovation (VPRI) has accountability for the delivery of this project and will be supported by a Project Manager and advised by an Oversight Committee, a Management Committee, and Technical Advisory Committee.

Dalhousie and other Nova Scotia university researchers will establish key environmental, geological, and infrastructure baselines to inform evidence‑based decisions about future development. This includes groundwater and methane monitoring, seismic conditions, and transport infrastructure needs.

Researchers will assess the findings of exploratory drilling and community readiness research and provide expert opinion to the Province in the form of a report.

Dalhousie will oversee public and stakeholder engagement with particular focus on research and the exploratory drilling program, including through its relationships with First Nations. 

Formal consultations and engagement required as part of the regulatory framework will follow its own process with the Province taking the lead on consultation with Mi’kmaq on any decision that could impact their treaty rights.

The first step for projects will be to drill new exploration wells. While stimulation activities like hydraulic fracturing are eligible under the program, those techniques are not part of the drilling exploration wells and any applications to do this would come later in the process. Any activity conducted as part of the program would be related to this exploratory phase. The findings would be intended to inform any potential future production phases. 

Nova Scotia has enough onshore natural gas to meet our needs for 200-240 years, and yet we currently import all our natural gas from or through the U.S., exposing the province to market volatility, supply chain constraints, and exchange‑rate risk.

These realities point to the need to understand Nova Scotia’s own subsurface resources, to make informed, evidence‑based energy and climate decisions.

One of the outcomes of this program will be updated geological, environmental, and emissions data to inform policy decisions for developing this resource. Nova Scotia’s Onshore Petroleum Atlas (2017) mapped potential resources, but it does not answer the key technical question: Is the gas recoverable?

Dalhousie will provide the Final Report to the Province. The Province will determine next steps.

Any provincial revenue earned will be partially, but disproportionately, reinvested in the surrounding local municipalities based on proximity.

It is the responsibility of selected proponents to negotiate access agreements with landowners for any activity on privately owned land. No exploration activity can take place without confirmation of landowner permission.

Contact Us

Email: subsurfaceenergy@dal.ca